हाम्रो प्रिती दिदी :पी

ब्याचलरस मात्रा गरी कन प्रोफेसर भाछिन ।
आफुले पढेको कालेजमै आँफै पढाउन गाछिन ।।

खाने कुरा, माछा मासु टेक्नोलोजी पढाउन जान्छिन।
आफु भने साग पात आलु मात्रा खान्छिन ।।

पढाउदै बिजी छीन आजकल आँफैले नि मास्टर्स गर्न नि भा छैन
एक्लै पढाउन अल्छि लाग्ला एस.एल.सी पास नगरेको नखोजी भा छैन

King of Serpents

King of the Serpents

The dark eyes shine
like a full moon
shinning on
a dark scary night
the faint yellowish
bands, the majestic hood
the faint color of venom
the camouflage
against the Natural Selection
against the prey,
against the predication
a fluent motion
a serpentine motion
with a peculiar hiss
of the survivor of the
fittest
the fittest of them all
hail
all hail the King of Serpents!

Save the Gharials

The Gharials are the only surviving member of once well represented family Gavidae, and are now listed as a Critically Endangered by IUCN. It is very Unique of all the Crocodilian species in having an elongated snount. The Nepali or local name for Gharial is घऱियाल or घड़ियाल ! 

They are nearest surviving relatives of Dinosaurs, Sarcosuchus  commonly called Super Croc, an extinct genus of crocodyliform had few similarities with present day Gharial. Sarcosuchus also had a strange depression at the end of its snout. Called a bulla, it has been compared to the Ghara seen in Gharials. Unlike the Ghara, though, the bulla is present in all Sarcosuchus skulls that have been found so far. This suggests it was not a sexually selected characteristic; only the male Gharial has a ghara.

Its distribution is restricted to Ganges and Bramaputra river systems. It is found in Narayani, Koshi, Karnali and Mahakali rivers of Nepal. The Gharials are known to live upto 60 years or more. The Gharial were once known to have been spread all over the major river system in Indian sub continent and now prevail only in Nepal and India.Numerous threats has led to extinction of the species from Bhutan, Burma and Pakistan and almost extinct from Bangladesh. Their population has declined in recent year. 

"Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Nepal held Gharial census on January-February 2008. The census estimated a total of 81 Gharials in Nepal. Out of total Gharial recorded during the census, 70 Gharials were recorded through direct sighting while 11 were based on indirect observations." - (Extracted) 

Even though the Garials can exceed 5-6 meters they are not man-eaters, as they have a small but elongated snout they are only capable to consume fishes, not large prey and doesn’t pose a threats to human. Hunting poaching and habitat destruction has caused a rapid population decline. In Nepal there is a belief that “Ghara” – a bulb like part in the tip of the snout, when placed under pillow of pregnant woman makes her childbirth safe, easy and painless. Various such misconceptions regarding their use for medicinal purposes, hunting them for their eggs and skins are primarily the reason the Gharial population are decreasing. But these days the Government has kept Gharial under protection which has helped to reduce the declining population rate. 

Male Gharial with Ghara on tip of the snout

Save the Vultures

Vulture's play a very important role in the Ecosystem.They are the Scavengers capable of rapidly consuming carcasses and preventing pollution. Not only that, they have been used by many societies in Nepal and Tibet for Crematory purposes also known as "Sky Burial" . But in recent years with Vultures exposed to a certain drug called "Diclofenac" , there has been huge decline in Vulture population. Vultures that consume sufficient tissue from treated carcasses die from the effects of diclofenac-induced kidney failure. Diclofenac has been banned since June of 2006 by the Nepal Government. Instead of Diclofenac, Meloxicam has been incouraged to use.  Nepal to conserve and consolidate the conservation initiatives for all vulture species found in Nepal.Vulture Conservation Action Plan for Nepal (2009-2013) is a part of the greater effort of the Government of Nepal.


"Within Nepal, India and Pakistan vulture populations have undergone dramatic declines in
numbers since the mid 1990s, with declines in excess of 97% for three resident species
(white-rumped, slender-billed and long-billed vulture Gyps indicus now confined in India).
In India, numbers of white-rumped vultures have declined by 99.9% from 1992 to 2007
(Prakash et al. 2007). Monitoring of vultures in Nepal indicates declines of a similar
magnitude with a >90% decrease in numbers up to 2001 (Baral et al. 2004). As a
consequence, these three Gyps vulture species were listed by IUCN, the World Conservation
Union, in 2000 as Critically Endangered (IUCN 2007)."


Vulture restaurants has been established in various part of the Country to provide the Vultures with Diclofenac free carcasses. Which is a very good initiative to for the conservation of Vultures.

Six resident vulture species (white-rumped vulture Gyps
bengalensis, slender-billed vulture Gyps tenuirostris, Egyptian vulture Neophron
percnopterus, red-headed vulture Sarcogyps calvus, Himalayan griffon vulture Gyps
himalayensis, and Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus) are found in Nepal along with one winter visitor (Cinereous vulture
Aegypius monachus) and one passage migrant (Eurasian griffon vulture Gyps fulvus).

                                                   Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), (EN)

                                                     
                                                         Himalayan griffon (yps himalayensis) 

                                                         Lammergeier (Gypaetus barabatus)

                                                   Red-headed vulture (Sarcogyps calvus), (CR)

                                                  Slender-billed vulture (Gyps-tenuirostris), (CR)

                                                     White rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis)

                                                   Eurasian griffon (Gyps fulvus)

                                                      Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus)

Promote Vermicompost in Nepal

Most of you might not know what Vermicompost is, (And this is just a brief explanation about Vermicomposting, more to come later)

Vermicompost is also known as Worm compost, Vermicast, Worm castings, worm humus or worm manure.Vermicompost is similar to that of normal composting, the difference is that it uses Worms in addition to Microbes and Bacteria to turn Organic waste into a nutrient rich fertilizer. Hundreds of Organic materials are thrown out as garbage daily in our household which are in turn thrown into the River System, which results in water and air pollution. If those Organic materials are to be turned into compost using the worms then it would definitely help reduce pollution at the same time increase soil fertility!

What are the advantages of Vermicompost and why chose Vermicompost to normal composting?

Most people think about the foul odor when they are told about Composting. But Vermicomposting doesn't produce foul odor, since the Organic materials are feed upon by the Worms, digested and excreted! Not decomposed out in the environment!

Vermicompost being environmentally friendly has another advantage to it, time! Its takes not more than few weeks (about 6-7 weeks) to produce the fertilizer. And since the worms eat more than their body size they readily produce the casting in short period of time as well. And its cheap and uses local resources, the Worms!

What do I need to start a Vermiculture or Vermicomposting?

To start Vermicomposting first of all you need to understand about the Principles of Vermicomposting! Simply talking you need a box a large sized box and need to put some hay on in, then some layers of mud/soil then put all the organic waste materials, from the kitchen, into the box, for every 1000kg of such waste 3 kg of worms shall be inoculated. After that! Let the worms to the talking!

What kinds of Worms do I need?
Basically, Vermicompost, or vermiculture, most often uses two species of worms: Red Wigglers (Eisenia foetida) or Red Earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus), And Eudrilus eugeniae in context of our country! There are small sized worms about 20-4-mm in size, 3mm in diameter. They are Epigeic, that in common terms mean surface dwellers!

There are other Endogeic worm which work deeper in soil but they have not been used here so lets leave them for future! 

This is all for today, just to let you guys know about what Vermicomposting is ! More to come soon! 

2012/2013 Manchester United Squad Photo

The Manchester United squad (Back Row L-R:) Chris Smalling, Jonny Evans, Phil Jones, Bebe, Robin van Persie, Rio Ferdinand, Michael Carrick, Nemanja Vidic, Federico Macheda. (Third Row L-R:) Sports Scientist Simon Wells, Head of Fitness Tony Strudwick, Shinji Kagawa, Angelo Henriquez, Danny Welbeck, Nick Powell, Darren Fletcher, Nani, Assistant Kit Manager Alec Wylie, Masseur 

Rod Thornley. (Second Row L-R:) Masseur Andy Caveney, Masseur Gary Armer, Kit Manager Albert Morgan, Doctor Steve McNally, Antonio Valencia, Anders Lindegaard, David de Gea, Sam Johnstone, Ashley Young, Alexander Buttner, Goalkeeping Coach Eric Steele, Physio Rob Swire, Physio Neil Hough. (Front Row L-R:) Rafael Da Silva, Javier 'Chicharito' Hernandez, Anderson, Assistant Manager Mike Phelan, Ryan Giggs, Manager Sir Alex Ferguson, Paul Scholes, First Team Coach Rene Meulensteen, Tom Cleverley, Patrice Evra, Wayne Rooney pose at the annual club photocall at Old Trafford on August 31, 2012 in Manchester, England. (Photo by John Peters/Man Utd via Getty Images)

Birds of Kathmandu valley

Birds of Kathmandu valley

• Great Barbet Megalaima virens Nepali Name : न्याउली 

Great Barbet Megalaima virens is one of the common birds of Kathmandu Valley. It inhibits forest, parklands, and even suburbs usually associated with fruting and oranamental trees between 900 to 2000m.

• Blue-Throated Barbet Megalaima asiatica Nepali name : कुर्थुके 

Blue-Throated Barbet Megalaima asiaticais found in open forests, secondary growth and gardens upto 2210m. It feeds on fruit and occasionally on insects.

• White Throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Nepali name : सेतोकण्ठे माटिकोरे 

Found in open areas associated with wetland below 1800m. Feeds on invertebrates, fish and frogs.

• Eurasian Cuckoo Cuculus canorus

It is a brood parasite, a summer migrant found mainly in open forest and gardens between 900-3800m. Feeds on caterpillars, insects, spiders and mollusks.

• Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus

They are very vocal during the breeding season with range of different calls. It is also a brood parasite and omnivorous. Found below 1800m in agricultural and cultivated lands.

• Rose-Rringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri

It is found in broadleaved forest, urban and cultivation below 1370m. Gregarious, feed on buds, fruits, vegetables, nuts, berries and seed.

• Spotted Owlet Athene brama
• Rock Pigeon Columba livia
• Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis
• Black Kite Milvus migrans
• Long Tailed Shrike Lanius schach
• Eurasian Golden Oriole Orilus orilus
• Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus
• Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus
• Grey Headed Canary flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis
• Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassina
• Orinetal Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis
• Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata
• Common Myna Acridotheres tristis
• Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus
• Black-lored Tit Parus xanthogenys
• Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica
• Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer
• Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis
• Oriental while-eye Zosterops palpebrosus
• Common Tailor Bird Orthotomus sutorius
• Crimoson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja
• House Sparrow Passer domesticus
• Eurasian Tree Sparrow Sparrow
• Baya Weaver Ploceys philippinus
• Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus